How to find a job in Film and TV
To many, working in the film and television industry can sound a little nutty. Many job advertisements seem to read... Compliant drone needed to work long hours for low pay under unpleasant conditions. Must be willing to drop everything at short notice in return for no job security, no pension and fewer than one lunch break per day. Must own a car and don't bother applying unless you know someone who already works here.
And yet there are no shortage of new entrants. The number of media students has increased dramatically in recent years and the UK film industry is employing more people than it has in a very long time, possibly ever. The end result is that most industry professionals get asked on a regular basis “How can I get into the film/TV industry?”
To answer this I performed two surveys - one with 1,235 international film professionals and the other with thecallsheet.co.uk’s audience of UK television and film employers.
In summary;
Facebook is the most popular place for employers to post new vacancies
Having a driving licence is much more useful than a university degree
On average, UK employers receive 60 applications for each job.
Only 46% of those applicants meet the job requirements
Just under half of all film and television employers think that new entrants should work for free
When asked ‘What makes a perfect CV?’ 67% of employers used the words “short” or “concise”
Where can I find a job in film / TV?
It would take a few blog posts to go through all the ways you could start your career in film or television so for now I will stick to the job boards. The most commonly used site for new film and TV jobs is... Facebook!
I have previously analysed a year's worth of jobs on Shooting People, which would be worth reading if you're looking for film work.
Should you work for free?
This is an age-old question in both the film and television industries. The short answer is that any unpaid work that's not for a charity and which isn't part of a full-time educational course is illegal. The minimum wage (currently £6.31 per hour plus holiday pay) applies to all workers in the UK. The two exceptions are for freelancers (which HMRC has decided cannot apply to entry level positions) and for voluntary positions (often called 'interns'). Internships operate within very tight guidelines and the current guidance states...
Interns that are genuine volunteers, under no obligation to perform work or provide services. ... However, if an organisation treats an intern as though he were a worker a contractual relationship may arise. To avoid this, a sponsor must ensure that the intern is not subject to any obligation to perform work or provide services and that regular payments are not made to the intern.
Unpaid work can be useful to learn how the industry works but there is a line that we should make sure employers don't cross. In the past, both film and television employers have been successfully prosecuted in employment tribunals for not paying staff. It's a complicated topic and it covers more than just salary concerns. In a recent case in the US, a television intern was denied protection from sexual harassment because she was not technically a worker. I asked my survey of UK-based film and television employers if new entrants should be willing to work for free. Over half said 'no'.
How many people apply for each job?
On average, UK employers received 60 applications for each job. Whilst this may sound daunting for new entrants there is some good news: employers judged 46% of those applications as inappropriate (i.e. didn't meet the job requirements). This means, if you're applying for a job in film which you are actually qualified for then you're already in the top half of applicants.
What skills do you need for UK-based work?
The very fact that you're a new entrant means that you know little about the industry. Yet there is something you can study that will help you enormously. It's not Media Studies, Film Production or TV Theory. It's learning to drive.
Bear in mind that if you're driving as a part of your job you should not be using your own vehicle. Your personal insurance is very unlikely to cover you for business uses so you're effectively driving uninsured.
What about working in the international film business?
Unsurprisingly, if you want to work with the international film business, it will help if you speak other languages. But having a driving licence is, on average, more useful than having either a Masters degree, PHD or MBA! There, I've just saved you £63,072 (average cost of an MBA course minus driving lessons).
Working in or with non-English speaking countries makes knowing at least two languages almost essential.
"Please describe the perfect CV..." for a job in film / TV
I gave my UK film and television employers a chance to write about their perfect CV. The resulting collection of comments could be summed up in one word - short. 67% of all the people who chose to leave a comment used the word "short" or "concise". The consensus seems to be a clear one-page CV without any extraneous information, tailored to the job you're applying for. Below are all direct quotations from employers... CV Dos
1 page long
Clearly laid out
Concise
Highlighting transferable skills, ability to lean and work hard
Basic details (such as driving licence, age, contact details) easy to find
Clearly stating relevant experience fist, then relevant skills
Have details of referees.
CV Don'ts
Not full of student work made to look like professional work
No spelling mistakes/ grammar mistakes/ typos
Leave out self-promotional waffle in the 3rd person.
No white lies, which come out a lot quicker than people think
Never include a 'personal statement' – ever
No hobbies or 'I'm a great time keeper' rubbish
No list of short films made at uni
Example responses
I don't care if you've been an assistant manager in Pizza Hut. I want to know that you can follow instructions, are polite and helpful and cheerful - even when knackered and under pressure. I want you to care about paperwork presentation. I want you to be totally anal about filing, emailing, checking, keeping distribution logs etc etc. I want you to run about providing busy more senior people with food and drink to keep them going. I want the kitchen to be spotless and I don't want to be told that there was no bread or milk when people turn up for breakfast. I need to trust you implicitly.
Name and job role at the top Profile paragraph Jobs listed with Month & Year / Production name / Company / Broadcaster / Role description in that order Referees / other at the bottom
Clearly & uniformly laid out - including job titles, production companies, short descriptions of role, & rough length of time in each role. No grammatical or spelling errors.
Don't think there is one - it could be a word or a location that catches my eye. Or something else entirely unrelated to the role I am looking to fill.
What are the common mistakes you see newcomers making when trying to get work?
This question revealed a fair amount of frustration at the mistakes made by many applicants. I suggest that if you fall foul of any of the following list then your CV is destined to be junked.
No knowledge of set etiquette and no driving licence
Not wanting to do menial tasks
Not researching who they're meeting or the job
Thinking they have more experience than they do and not recognising it's an entry level job and an opportunity to learn.
Applying for jobs above runner level because they believe they are already producers
Poor grammar, poorly targeted applications (i.e. asking film people for TV jobs, asking locations people for AD jobs)
Inflated sense of importance of the experience gained
Waffly CVs or ones that say they're a Director because they were Uni
Not being specific in which role they are applying for & not telling me where they got my contact details from
They don't understand what the job actually entails.
They allow their personal moods to affect how they behave at work.
They are afraid of hard work and long hours.
They think they are 'above' the job they are applying for and start (very inappropriately) trying to push their own opinions... (this happens a lot!!! particularly with people with a 'film' degree).
Not taking the time to read the job description and applying with a generic covering letter (which is obvious to the employer).
Spelling mistakes
Not dressing and or brushing up appropriately for the Interview.
Entering an interview/meeting with a lack of confidence... no matter how good the applicant is, if they speak as quietly as a mouse - they won't leave a positive and lasting impression.
Essay length cover notes
They lie about their skills
Lack of enthusiasm
lack of research
What advice would you give to someone who wants a job in film?
This question was quite broad, so it solicited a wide range of responses. A few simply put "Don't" but assuming that doesn't put you off, here is a collection of advice from UK film and television employers...
Driving licence with access to car
Keep it simple and honest and be open to change and flexible
Take all the opportunities that are given to you, show passion, research job roles and keep up to date with film and TV
Don't do a media degree
Humility, and try to gain experience on the floor as a trainee runner to get acquainted to the etiquette and hierarchy on a real life film set.
Don't rush to move up the ladder before you know which ladder you want to climb - being a runner is your best chance to see what everyone does.
Think about what an employer is going to be looking for on your CV & make sure it's easy to find - relevant experience, driver’s licence etc. If you lack telly experience, show me how the experience you do have will help - eg waitressing helps learning to juggle lots of requests at once.
Reach out to as many people as you can and keep in touch with those that show interest, updating them half way through each job to let them know when you are becoming available.
Sign up to things like the thecallsheet.co.uk and IMDb Pro and know what is going on in your industry and who the key players are in all departments - knowledge is power!
Call people. Do your research. Understand what the job actually is and structure your CV to show that you understand it and that you have the ability to do it. Don't get above yourself and be resolutely cheerful and hardworking even when you don't feel like it.
Work for free and take any and all possible opportunities available to you. Just because you want to be a director now, doesn't mean you won't find a stronger passion for something else in the industry - don't limit the experience you can receive in entry level positions. Be confident and be heard - but if you don't understand or don't know something, ask! It's better to tell people you don't know rather than guessing and possibly suffering dangerous/embarrassing consequences. Make Films! - You need to make films yourself to really SHOW who you are and what you're capable of. Not only does it show others what you can do, it allows you to discover yourself too... (plus the obvious benefit of having material for showreels etc.)
Must be persistent with sending out emails and CV to the industry, but must be in a professional manner (no calling mobile at 7pm in the evening) Try to get as much experience as possible, even working on short films, unpaid videos etc - that's how I met people who eventually gave me a job!
Enthusiasm is everything for a new entrant! You are unlikely to be taxed too greatly in terms of intellect in your entrant roles (this will come later in your career, I promise), but you will need to be upbeat & able to work on initiative - being positive and enthusiastic in an interview is the best way to demonstrate this.
Learn to be attentive, remember what you have been told, we are only going to tell you twice if you are lucky.
Be willing to muck in and do it all with a smile.
Get experience in the professional environment as early as possible... this might be while you're still at School/College/University, but the sooner the better. This may be unpaid work, so where possible, try and do it while you still live at home.
Be yourself and smile. Persevere with CV sending - sometimes it can just be the right time when someone is looking.
Be polite, be persistent, be patient, contact as many potential employers as possible, try to get work experience, shadow others in the area you want to work. Work hard, realise you're starting at the bottom, smile and don't give up
Be fun, keen and humble
Epilogue
I'm very grateful to Matt Gallagher from thecallsheet.co.uk for being so open to the idea and for pushing his members to fill in the survey. My thanks also goes out to the almost 1,300 people whose opinions made up the data and advice for this blog. I asked Matt for his thoughts on the results and he said...
Thanks to Stephen for compiling this survey and to our members for contributing to it. The results of the survey both support and echo the advice we offer our various blogs on thecallsheet.co.uk. I truly hope that the information about CV’s and applying for jobs is heeded as we see the same mistakes regularly. As part of our commitment to helping people get into the industry, thecallsheet.co.uk remains a free resource to new entrants and we only ever post jobs that meet the living wage.
I also ran the results past Jude Winstanley, who runs The Unit List, which featured highly on the sites our employers used to post new entry level jobs. She said...
Thanks Stephen for publishing this very informative data. It's a great boost to know that our hard work in providing a platform for bonafide jobs for professionals, is one that employers rate so highly. This is down to the incredible talent of all that use it appropriately, by applying for roles they are qualified for and working with us to constantly improve what we do at www.theunitlist.com However, I'm quite shocked and saddened at the employer survey results about working for free being acceptable, from almost half the respondents. We cannot allow a culture of unpaid work to be the norm. Apart from legal issues of unpaid work, If the industry can only be populated by those that can work for free, it turns it into a hobby. The talent will work in other industries that pay them a wage (it's already happening) and then quality TV has no future. We must all (workers and employers alike) work harder to maintain a sustainable business model that allows everyone to make a career from our dynamic, creative and amazing industry. In practice, it's really simple - don't expect or advise new talent to work for free and we'll retain them. If we already do this at www.theunitlist.com by declining to host unpaid jobs, you can help by choosing not to work for free. Can a survey next year achieve more positive results on this issue?
My two pence worth on this topic (and speaking as a film industry employer) is that most employers in the industry understand that new entrants will know very little about how things work. We are not expecting for you to perform miracles - we just want you to be keen, reliable, quick to learn, nice to be around and extremely hard-working. Everything else you can pick up as you go. Oh, and you have to be able to make an awesome cup of tea. Not good, not great but awesome. Tea makes the world go round.